At the fundamental awareness level, individuals are just beginning to recognize the need for critical thinking. They can identify areas where they lack knowledge and understand basic concepts and principles. However, their ability to apply these skills is limited.

Novices have started to actively engage in critical thinking. They can identify relevant sources of information, gather and recall information, and understand basic analytical techniques. They also start recognizing logical fallacies but may still struggle with more complex tasks.

Intermediate thinkers are able to analyze and interpret information, evaluate the credibility of sources, and identify assumptions and biases. They can draw conclusions based on evidence and apply their knowledge to new situations. Their thinking is more structured and systematic.

Advanced thinkers formulate clear, precise questions and develop well-reasoned arguments. They can identify gaps in their own understanding and reflect on their thinking process. They are capable of synthesizing information from multiple sources and can handle more complex problems.

Experts think abstractly and conceptually, challenge assumptions and the status quo, and generate innovative solutions. They can adapt their thinking to new contexts and are skilled at teaching others to think critically. Their thinking is sophisticated, nuanced, and highly adaptive.