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Transact-SQL (T-SQL)

Information Technology > Database technologies

Description

Transact-SQL, or T-SQL, is Microsoft's extension of the SQL (Structured Query Language) used to interact with relational databases. It includes a set of programming extensions that add several features to standard SQL, such as transaction control, error and exception handling, and row processing. With T-SQL, you can query data, manipulate data, define data, and control data access. As you progress from a beginner to an expert, you'll learn to write basic queries, use advanced functions, create complex database structures, optimize performance, and troubleshoot issues. Understanding T-SQL is crucial for database management, especially in environments using Microsoft SQL Server.

Expected Behaviors

LEVEL 1

Fundamental Awareness

At this level, individuals are expected to have a basic understanding of SQL and database concepts. They should be familiar with data types in SQL and be able to understand simple SELECT statements. This is the initial stage of learning where the focus is on gaining theoretical knowledge rather than practical application.

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LEVEL 2

Novice

Novices can write basic SELECT queries and understand the use of WHERE and ORDER BY clauses. They can perform basic data manipulation using INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE commands and have an understanding of JOINs. At this stage, they start applying their theoretical knowledge into practice.

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LEVEL 3

Intermediate

Intermediate users are proficient in using aggregate functions and subqueries. They understand GROUP BY and HAVING clauses and can use UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT operators. They can create and manipulate tables and views and understand indexes and constraints. This level indicates a higher degree of comfort with SQL.

LEVEL 4

Advanced

Advanced users can write complex queries and understand stored procedures and functions. They can use transactions and understand triggers. They are proficient in error handling and understand cursors. They can optimize SQL queries. At this level, they can handle more complex tasks and troubleshoot issues.

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LEVEL 5

Expert

Experts have a deep understanding of SQL Server architecture and are proficient in performance tuning and optimization. They can design and implement complex database structures and understand advanced security features. They can use advanced SQL Server features like CTEs, window functions, etc., and troubleshoot complex SQL Server issues. This level indicates mastery over SQL.

Micro Skills

LEVEL 1

Fundamental Awareness

Familiarity with the purpose and use of SQL
Knowledge of basic SQL syntax
Understanding of SQL commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
Understanding of what a database is
Knowledge of tables, rows, and columns
Familiarity with primary keys and foreign keys
Understanding of relational databases
Understanding of numeric data types
Familiarity with string data types
Knowledge of date and time data types
Ability to select all columns from a table
Ability to select specific columns from a table
Understanding of how to use the DISTINCT keyword
Knowledge of how to limit results using TOP
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LEVEL 2

Novice

Understanding of SELECT syntax
Ability to select specific columns
Ability to select all columns
Understanding of DISTINCT keyword
Knowledge of comparison operators
Use of logical operators
Understanding of pattern matching with LIKE
Use of IN and BETWEEN operators
Ability to sort results in ascending order
Ability to sort results in descending order
Understanding of sorting by multiple columns
Understanding of INSERT syntax
Ability to insert single row
Ability to insert multiple rows
Understanding of UPDATE syntax
Ability to update specific rows
Understanding of DELETE syntax
Ability to delete specific rows
Understanding of INNER JOIN
Understanding of LEFT OUTER JOIN
Understanding of RIGHT OUTER JOIN
Understanding of FULL OUTER JOIN
Understanding of CROSS JOIN
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LEVEL 3

Intermediate

Understanding of COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX functions
Ability to use GROUP BY with aggregate functions
Understanding of the DISTINCT keyword in aggregate functions
Understanding of nested subqueries
Use of subqueries in SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements
Understanding of correlated subqueries
Ability to group data using multiple columns
Understanding of the difference between WHERE and HAVING
Use of aggregate functions in HAVING clause
Understanding of the difference between UNION and UNION ALL
Ability to use INTERSECT and EXCEPT operators
Understanding of the requirements for using these operators
Understanding of CREATE TABLE statement
Ability to use ALTER TABLE and DROP TABLE commands
Understanding of CREATE VIEW and ALTER VIEW commands
Ability to manage indexes on tables and views
Knowledge of different types of indexes
Understanding of primary key, foreign key, unique, check constraints
Ability to create, alter, drop indexes and constraints
LEVEL 4

Advanced

Understanding of subqueries
Use of derived tables
Knowledge of APPLY operator
Understanding of PIVOT operator
Understanding of UNPIVOT operator
Understanding of recursive CTEs
Understanding of CREATE PROCEDURE syntax
Understanding of ALTER PROCEDURE syntax
Understanding of DROP PROCEDURE syntax
Understanding of CREATE FUNCTION syntax
Understanding of function usage
Understanding of system stored procedures
Understanding of system functions
Understanding of TRY...CATCH blocks
Understanding of RAISERROR and THROW statements
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LEVEL 5

Expert

Understanding of data files and log files
Understanding of table structures
Knowledge of partitioning
Understanding of execution plans
Proficiency in using dynamic management views (DMVs)
Knowledge of wait statistics
Understanding of entity-relationship models
Proficiency in designing normalized databases
Knowledge of denormalization techniques
Understanding of Windows and SQL Server authentication
Proficiency in managing users and roles
Knowledge of object-level permissions
Ability to write recursive CTEs
Proficiency in using CTEs for complex queries
Understanding of SQL Server error log
Proficiency in using system views for troubleshooting

Skill Overview

  • Expert5 years experience
  • Micro-skills87
  • Roles requiring skill1

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